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Systemic shocks and social protection: the role and effectiveness of public works programs : Systemic shocks and social protection : the role and effectiveness of public works programs (الروسية)

Public works programs have been an important safety net intervention in both developed and developing countries for many years. By providing temporary low-wage jobs to unskilled manual workers, income is transferred to poor households in a self-targeted manner while achieving useful projects such as road construction and maintenance, irrigation infrastructure, reforestation, and soil conservation.
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