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Designing direct subsidies for water and sanitation services - Panama : a case study (الإنجليزية)

As an alternative to traditional subsidy schemes in utility sectors, direct subsidy programs have several advantages: they are transparent, they are explicit, and they minimize distortions of the behavior of both the utility, and the customers. At the same time, defining practical eligibility criteria for direct subsidy schemes is difficult, and identifying eligible households may entail substantial administrative costs. The authors, using...
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نسخة رسمية من الوثيقة (قد تضم توقيعات، الخ)


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