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Counting the costs of compliance with trade requirements from a value chain perspective : evidence from Southern Africa (الإنجليزية)

This note uses a value chain perspective to show how the cost of complying with regional trade requirements affects agriculture competitiveness and rural incomes. On the one hand, phytosanitary rules, product standards, and certification procedures are important to protect human, animal, and plant health. These requirements also help to improve buyer and seller confidence in international markets and can be useful for trade facilitation. Equally...
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