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Commercialization of publicly funded research and development (R&D) in Russia : scaling up the emergence of spinoff companies (الإنجليزية)

This paper explores fundamental issues affecting technology commercialization of publicly funded research and development (R&D) in the Russian Federation. Despite substantial R&D investments, Russia has experienced a decline in scientific output and employment. Nevertheless, the innovation system remains strong in several technological fields. This paper develops an analytical framework to discuss conditions for technology commercialization, which...
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