Urban sanitation remains a significant challenge for most low- and middle-income countries. The urban population of the group of Least Developed Countries (LDCs) more than tripled between 1990 and 2015...
Addressing the need for fecal sludge management (FSM) from on-site sanitation systems is critical to improving sanitation in poor urban settlements. A preliminary review of the status of FSM in 12 cities...
This document contains data collection instruments to support data collection, for which the resulting data will inform diagnostic and decision-making tools for Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) services...
This document contains a generic terms of reference (TOR) for contracting a firm to carry out data collection, data analysis and production of the outputs of the diagnostic tools.
Balikpapan city, located in the province of East Kalimantan, Indonesia has a reported population ofapproximately 640,000 people and annual population growth of about 4.5 percent. A key challenge facing...
This report summarises the main findings of a case study on fecal sludge management in Lima, Peru. The objectives of the study were: to provide quantitative and qualitative data on the sanitation situation...
This report summarises the main findings of a case study on fecal sludge management in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The specific objectives of the study are: to provide quantitative and qualitative data on the...
This report summarises the main findings of a case study on fecal sludge management in Dhaka, Bangladesh. There are five city case studies as part of this project (Balikpapan, Dhaka, Freetown, Lima and...
This report summarizes the main findings of a case study on fecal sludge management in Hawassa,Ethiopia. The specific objectives of the study were: to provide quantitative and qualitative data on the sanitation...
A goal dedicated to clean water and sanitation was recently endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework for 2015–2030 that has followed...
Hand washing with soap has been shown to reduce diarrhea and respiratory disease, the two leading causes of childhood deaths in low- and middle-income settings. Global scaling up hand washing was initiated...
There is increasing interest in improving hand washing in low- and middle-income countries. The validity of rapid hand washing measures was evaluated by comparing them to hand washing behavior measured...
The Economics of Sanitation Initiative (ESI) of the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) commenced in East Asia and the Pacific region in 2006 to generate and disseminate economic evidence on...
Effective management of sanitation and wastewater is a growing challenge in dense urban settlements. Rapidly increasing urbanization and, along with that, rising settlement densities in low-income urban...
Since 2007, the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) has provided technical assistance to local and national governments implementing large rural sanitation and handwashing promotion programs in various...
The present report spotlights the major challenges and the opportunities that lie ahead in fecal sludge management and summarizes the findings from four case studies that describe the current and potential...
Statistics from the UN Joint Monitoring Program show sanitation progress in Indonesia to be off-track coverage has to increase by more than 13 percentage points nationally from 2008 to 2015 to meet the...
The Philippines is well on its way to achieving the sanitation target, which is part of a combined drinking water and sanitation target within the Millennium Development Goal (MDG). As of 2008, about 76...
Sanitation needs are significant in Bangladesh, which is the most densely populated country in the world and one of the poorest. Adding to the challenge, about one-third of Bangladesh experiences annual...