الوثائق والتقارير

Fiscal Policy Volatility and Growth in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (الإنجليزية)

This paper studies the volatility of fiscal policy in a large sample of countries with a focus on emerging markets and developing economies and commodity exporters over 1990–2021. The findings show that...

Assessing the Effects of Natural Resources on Long-Term Growth : An Extension of the World Bank Long Term Growth Model (الإنجليزية)

This paper extends the World Bank's Long-Term Growth Model (LTGM) with the addition of a natural resource sector to analyze how long-run growth evolves in resource-rich countries and the growth impacts...

Peru - Public Expenditure and Fiscal Risk Management Project (الإنجليزية)

Ratings of Public Expenditure and Fiscal Risk Management Project for Peru were as follows: overall outcome was satisfactory, relevance of prior actions was satisfactory, and achievement of objectives was...

A Mountain of Debt : Navigating the Legacy of the Pandemic (الإنجليزية)

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a massive increase in global debt levels and exacerbated the trade-offs between the benefits and costs of accumulating government debt. This paper examines these trade-offs...

What Have We Learned about the Effectiveness of Infrastructure Investment as a Fiscal Stimulus ? A Literature Review (الإنجليزية)

Since the Great Depression of the 1930s, and through the more recent Asian Crisis of 1997 and Great Recession of 2008/09, governments have experimented with Keynesian style fiscal stimulus to support employment...

The Scarring and Hysteresis Effects of Steep Recessions and the Implications for Fiscal Policy in ECA Transition EMDEs (الإنجليزية)

The deep recession in many of the emerging market transition economies of Europe and Central Asia caused by the COVID-19 crisis has raised fears of long-term damage to potential output through scarring...

Living with Debt : How Institutions Can Chart a Path to Recovery in Middle East and North Africa (الفرنسية)

Economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remain in crisis. The World Bank estimates the regional output to have contracted 3.8 percent in 2020 and expects it to rebound by only 2.2 percent...

التعايش مع الديون : كيف يمكن للمؤسسات رسم مسار الانتعاش في الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا (العربية)

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Living with Debt : How Institutions Can Chart a Path to Recovery in Middle East and North Africa (الإنجليزية)

Economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remain in crisis. The World Bank estimates the regional output to have contracted 3.8 percent in 2020 and expects it to rebound by only 2.2 percent...

Official Documents- Financing Agreement for Credit 6844-DM (الإنجليزية)

Global Waves of Debt : Causes and Consequences (الإنجليزية)

Waves of debt accumulation have been a recurrent feature of the global economy over the past 50 years. In emerging market and developing economies, there have been four major debt waves since 1970. The...

Statement by Guy Ryder Statement by at the 102nd Virtual Meeting of the Development Committee held on October 16, 2020 (الإنجليزية)

This is a statement by Guy Ryder, Director-General, International Labour Organization, at the 102nd meeting of the Development Committee held on October 16, 2020. Workplace closures continue to disrupt...

Statement by Mukhisa Kituyi at the 102nd Virtual Meeting of the Development Committee held on October 16, 2020 (الإنجليزية)

This is a statement by Dr. Mukhisa Kituyi, Secretary-General, at the 102nd meeting of the Development Committee held on October 16, 2020. While policy-makers around the world have reacted quickly and decisively...

One Rule Fits All ? Heterogeneous Fiscal Rules for Commodity Exporters When Price Shocks Can Be Persistent: Theory and Evidence (الإنجليزية)

Commodity-exporting developing economies are often characterized as having needlessly procyclical fiscal policy: spending when commodity prices are high and cutting back when prices fall. The standard...

Lessons from International Experience on Fiscal Decentralization for Regional Governments (Vol. 2 of 2) : Overview and Case Studies - Colombia, Indonesia, Poland and Spain (English|Spanish)

The study is comprised of two volumes. Volume I provides a systematic review of the relevant international experience in fiscal decentralization for the mid-level of government. The work focuses primarily...

Having or Complying with Fiscal Rules? : Insights for Small Countries in LAC (الإنجليزية)

This paper reviews the performance of fiscal rules across the world and provides some evidence oftheir effectiveness in improving fiscal performance. Moving beyond the usual approach, the analysisconsiders...

Fiscal Rules in Times of Crisis (الإنجليزية)

As governments around the world struggle to piece together the most effective fiscal response to counter the economic and social impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, some are facing constraints imposed by...

Indonesia COVID-19 Observatory : Ex-ante Poverty and Distributional Impacts of COVID–19 in Indonesia (الإنجليزية)

This brief has been produced under the World Bank’s Indonesia Covid-19 Observatory, a partnership among multiple Global Practices at the Bank that aims to generate near-real-time insights on the impact...

Disclosable Version of the ISR - Public Expenditure and Fiscal Risk Management DPF-DDO - P154981 - Sequence No : 03 (الإنجليزية)

A Decade after the 2009 Global Recession : Macroeconomic and Financial Sector Policies (الإنجليزية)

Unprecedented monetary policy accommodation in advanced economies and a large, coordinated fiscal stimulus by G20 countries helped to support a solid rebound in global output right after the 2009 Global...